Human anatomy and physiology 11th edition download for free

Buy access. Features Interactive digital learning experience Help when and where you need it Instant feedback on assignments Study tools.

Buy now. Details Loose-leaf, 3-hole-punched pages Free shipping. Details A print text Free shipping. Looking for educator resources? Find the course content, tools and apps you need for any subject Get started. Now available on. What's included Mastering. Instant Access. In human physiology, we attempt to explain the specific characteristics and mechanisms of the human body that make it a living being.

The very fact that we remain alive is almost beyond our control, for hunger makes us seek food and fear makes us seek refuge. Sensations of cold make us look for warmth. Other forces cause us to seek fellowship and to reproduce. Thus, the human being is actually an automaton, and the fact that we are sensing, feeling, and knowledgeable beings is part of this automatic sequence of life; these special attributes allow us to exist under widely varying conditions.

The basic living unit of the body is the cell. Each organ is an aggregate of many different cells held together by intercellular supporting structures. Each type of cell is specially adapted to perform one or a few particular functions. For instance, the red blood cells, numbering 25 trillion in each human being, transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.

Although the red cells are the most abundant of any single type of cell in the body, there are about 75 trillion additional cells of other types that perform functions different from those of the red cell. The entire body, then, contains about trillion cells. Although the many cells of the body often differ markedly from one another, all of them have certain basic characteristics that are alike.

For instance, in all cells, oxygen reacts with carbohydrates, fat, and protein to release the energy required for cell function. Further, the general chemical mechanisms for changing nutrients into energy are basically the same in all cells, and all cells deliver end products of their chemical reactions into the surrounding fluids.

Almost all cells also have the ability to reproduce additional cells of their own kind. Fortunately, when cells of a particular type are destroyed from one cause or another, the remaining cells of this type usually generate new cells until the supply is replenished. About 60 percent of the adult human body is fluid, mainly a water solution of ions and other substances. Although most of this fluid is inside the cells and is called intracellular fluid, about one-third is in the spaces outside the cells and is called extracellular fluid.

This extracellular fluid is in constant motion throughout the body. It is transported rapidly in the circulating blood and then mixed between the blood and the tissue fluids by diffusion through the capillary walls. In the extracellular fluid are the ions and nutrients needed by the cells to maintain cell life.

Do you like this book? Please share with your friends, let's read it!! Search Ebook here:. Book Preface Most of us are naturally curious about our bodies; we want to know what makes us tick. Designed by readallbooks. Download here Download Now here.